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Greyhounds

Medical Information

Miscellaneous

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Subject INDEX

Bandage a Tail Hot Spots Hygroma Hyperthermia
Insoluble Carbohydrates Mosquito Bites Nausea Pancreatitis Poisons
Temperature Thyroid Deficiency Vomiting Warts

Bandaging a Tail

Assemble the needed supplies

  • One 4" square gauze pad
  • Antibiotic ointment (Polysporine)
  • Scissors
  • Bitter Apple Spray or Variton Cream
  • Heavy-duty cloth adhesive surgical tape
  • Vet-wrap
  • Toilet paper or Paper Towel cardboard tube

Process:

  1. Get the dog to lie down. A helper is handy to keep the dog in a horizontal position--petting the head usually does the job.
  2. Cut off the tuft of hair on the tail tip! (Yes, it makes the bandage stay on better if that strong tuft of hair isn't pushing it downward--fear not, the hair grows back very quickly).
  3. Unfold the gauze square to its 4" size. Squeeze ointment into wound. Centre the gauze square over the wound.
  4. Using a piece of the surgical tape, wrap it around the tail and tape near the top edges of the gauze. Be sure to get part of the tape ON the tail hair, to keep it from sliding down and off the tail.
  5. Open the vet wrap, and wrap the tail starting from 2" above the top of the gauze. Wrap toward the tail tip, COVER the tip, and then wrap back toward the top edge. Stop there, cut off the roll of vet wrap, press the loose edge against the wrapped part so it "seals".
  6. Take another piece of adhesive tape, and go around the top edge of the vet wrap, again catching a little of the tail hair as well as making sure the vet wrap is taped shut.
  7. Slip the cardboard tube over the tail and cover the bandaged area. Using the adhesive tape, go around the top and bottom edges of the tube catching a little of the tail hair. This will provide some protection as the wound heals.
  8. If done right (i.e., if you caught the tail hair with some of the tape) it WILL NOT slide off. If you see the dog beginning to chew or lick the bandage, spritz it with the Bitter Apple or rub in Variton cream, and tell the dog "No, leave it!" A few times should do the job.
  9. When it's time to take the bandage OFF, gently slide the scissors tip under the edge of the tape/vet wrap and cut a little at a time, toward the end of the tail. There is NO way you can unwrap this method of bandaging, so don't even try...just cut it off slowly.
 Hot Spots

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First check with your Vet to see if there is a medical reason for the hot spot, such as a staph infection.  If not, then your dog may be chewing from boredom or anxiety. The pain of their chewing or licking releases endorphins and other comforting neurochemicals into their blood stream, and this calms the dog. Spraying the hot spot with a numbing agent like Lidocaine should break the cycle. 

Hygroma

INDEX

This is common in large dogs especially over bony prominences like elbows.  It is usually seen in dogs housed on hard flooring.  A hygroma is a fluid-filled bursa (sac between a tendon and bone) that forms to protect the skin from pressure necrosis from the bone underneath. These can get inflamed or even ulcerate.

Hyperthermia

INDEX

Although it is rare, hyperthermia is a potentially lethal condition related to anesthesia, and it seems to affect mostly extremely shy or nervous greyhounds, although it can happen to any dog. Following routine anaesthesia, an affected greyhound will develop a high internal body temperature and if left untreated, serious complications may arise. The veterinarian may need to treat such a dog with I.V. fluids, corticosteroids, muscle relaxants and external cooling in order to return the dog to a normal body temperature. As owners of greyhounds, you may want to mention this possibility to your veterinarian prior to surgery, so that your greyhound can be monitored carefully after any procedure
http://www.boxerreview.com/pages/health.html

Insoluble Carbohydrates

INDEX

Cellulose and fibre are insoluble carbohydrates. They contribute very little to the energy content of a food ration, but  fibre is important for bowel function and for maintaining a water reserve in the gut. Greyhounds need about 5% fibre in their diet for efficient digestion in the large bowel. Most of this fibre can be obtained from dry food and from vegetables.
 
If a greyhound's diet is too low in fibre, the hound may develop constipation or may start eating his/her own faeces or excessive amounts of grass. If the hound's fibre levels are too high, it will lead to large bulky, moist stools. If a greyhound has small, dry stools, try adding extra dry food, or a cup of vegetables or 1-2 tablespoons of wheat bran to increase the level of fibre in the diet. If a greyhound is producing a large volume of stools, reduce the amount of dry food or veggies in the ration. Extra fat can be added to make up the energy shortfall resulting from a reduction in dry food. Half a cup of dry food can be replaced with one tablespoon of fat. Also beware of "fillers" which are commonly added to foods - no more than 20% of the food should be made up of high fibre ingredients such as rolled barley, oats or fibrous vegetables.

Mosquito Bites

INDEX

Skin-So-Soft by Avon is the best solution to the hordes of mosquitoes that plague our greyhounds during the Spring Season.  Either spay on or rub on "S-S-S" to the underbelly and inner thighs of your hound to keep the mosquitoes away.  It is also good for the human beings who accompany the Greys on walks and at PlayGroup.

Nausea when traveling

INDEX

25 mg of Dramamine.  Don't feed before traveling, wait till you get there.  Gingersnaps (the actual human cookie) may help alleviate motion sickness.  Something in the ginger itself.

 Pancreatitis

INDEX

The pancreas is a gland in the abdominal cavity that produces enzymes that aid in digestion, and hormones such as insulin that regulate the metabolism of sugar. When the pancreas becomes diseased or injured the resulting condition is known as pancreatitis.

A bout of pancreatitis can also be brought on by the consumption of spoiled or contaminated food or water. It is a symptom of various infectious diseases and trauma or injury to the abdominal area, such as being hit by a car, can contribute to the development of the condition.

If an animal is suffering from severe vomiting or diarrhea, consideration should be given to testing the animal for pancreatitis. Often a definitive diagnosis will require blood work that will determine enzyme levels and white blood cell count.

Treatment of pancreatitis involves the withholding of food and water so that the pancreas is able to rest. Ingestion of even the smallest amount of food or liquid will reactivate the pancreas, causing it once again to begin producing enzymes and hormones.

Animals who are taking in nothing by mouth must receive intravenous fluids and be closely monitored by a veterinarian. Solid food, which is lower in fat and easy to digest, must be reintroduced gradually.

Poisons

INDEX

Foods that are Poisonous to Dogs
Based upon material developed by Sandra Fikes-Kalahari Ridgebacks. <http://www.geocities.com/~kalahari>  (Most of the information above has been gleaned from data and information developed at, and published by, the New York State Department of Health Hematology Laboratory.)

Chocolate, tea, coffee, cola:

  • It is not chocolate itself that is poisonous to dogs, it is the theobromine, a naturally occurring compound found in chocolate. Theobromine causes different reactions to different dogs: dogs with health problems, especially epilepsy, are more affected by theobromine than healthy dogs. Theobromine can trigger epileptic seizures in dogs prone to or at risk of epilepsy. The size of the dog will also be a major factor: the smaller the dog, the more affected it is by the same amount than a larger dog. Therefore, toxicity is described on a mg/Kg basis.
  • Theobromine can cause cardiac irregularity, especially if the dog becomes excited. Cardiac arrhythmia can precipitate a myocardial infarction which can kill the dog.
  • Theobromine also irritates the GI tract and in some dogs can cause internal bleeding which in some cases kills them a day or so later.
  • Theobromine is also present in differing amounts in different kinds of chocolate. milk chocolate has 44-66 mg/oz, dark chocolate 450 mg/oz and baking/bitter chocolate or cocoa powder varies as much as 150-600 mg/oz. How much chocolate a dog can survive depends on its weight (and other unknown circumstances). Under 200 mg theobromine per kg body weight no deaths have been observed.
  • Theobromine will stay in the bloodstream between 14 and 20 hours. It goes back into the bloodstream through the stomach lining and takes a long time for the liver to filter out.
  • If your dog has eaten a considerable amount of chocolate, or displays any of the above symptoms, take it to the vet without delay.

Other:

  • Walnuts are poisonous to dogs and should be avoided. Many nuts are not good for dogs in general, their high phosphorous content is said to possibly lead to bladder stones.
  • Onions, especially raw onions, have been shown to trigger hemolytic anemia in dogs. (Stephen J Ettinger, D.V.M and Edward C. Fieldman, D.V.M. 's book: Textbook of Veterinary Internal Medicine vol. 2 pg 1884.)
  • Potato poisonings among people and dogs have occurred. Solanum alkaloids can be found in in green sprouts and green potato skins, which occurs when the tubers are exposed to sunlight during growth or after harvest. The relatively rare occurrence of actual poisoning is due to several factors: solanine is poorly absorbed; it is mostly hydrolyzed into less toxic solanidinel; and the metabolites are quickly eliminated. Note that cooked, mashed potatoes are fine for dogs, actually quite nutritious and digestible.
  • Turkey skin is currently thought to cause acute pancreatis in dogs.

Poisonous Household Items
Based upon material developed by Sandra Fikes-Kalahari Ridgebacks. http://www.geocities.com/~kalahari  (Most of the information above has been gleaned from data and information developed at, and published by, the New York State Department of Health Hematology Laboratory.)

Acetaminophen Antifreeze Aspirin Bleach Boric Acid
Brake fluid Carburetor Cleaner Carburetor Cleaner Christmas Tinsel Cleaning Fluid
Deodorants/Deodorizers Detergents Disinfectants Drain Cleaner Dye
Fungicides Furniture Polish Gasoline Hair Colorings Herbicides
Insecticides Kerosene Laxatives Lye Matches
Metal Polish Mineral Spirits Mothballs Nail Polish/ Remover Paint/Remover
Perm Solutions Phenol Photo Developer Rat Poison Rubbing Alcohol
Shoe Polish Sleeping Pills Soaps Suntan Lotions Tar
Turpentine Windshield Fluid Woodstains    

Poisonous Plants
Based upon material developed by Sandra Fikes-Kalahari Ridgebacks. http://www.geocities.com/~kalahari  (Most of the information above has been gleaned from data and information developed at, and published by, the New York State Department of Health Hematology Laboratory.)

In assessing the risk to your dog from these plants, you need to consider both the age of your dog and it's propensity to chew on plants. Many of the below toxic plants rarely cause problems because most dogs don't chew them - -- the exceptions being, of course, young puppies who are inclined to explore the world with their mouths, teething dogs who may chew on everything, and older dogs that are simply fond of chewing.

Poisonous Indoor Plants
Dumb cane is probably the one plant that should always be kept out of reach, since it takes only one nibble to have a potentially fatal situation. (from Carlson & Giffin.)

Rash after contact with the skin or mouth:

Chrysanthemum (mums might produce dermatitis) Creeping fig Poinsettia Pot mum Spider mum Weeping fig

Irritating (toxic oxalates), especially the mouth gets swollen; tongue pain; sore lips; some swell so quickly a tracheotomy is needed before asphyxiation:

Arrowhead Vine Boston Ivy Colodium Emerald Duke Heart Leaf (philodendron) Majesty 
Marble Queen Neththytis Ivy Pathos Red Princess Saddle Leaf (phil.) Split Leaf (phil.) 

Toxic plants may contain wide variety of poisons. Most cause vomiting, abdominal pain, cramps. Some cause tremors, heart and respiratory and/or kidney problems, which are difficult for owner to interpret:

Amaryllis Asparagus Fern  Azalea  Bird of Paradise Creeping Charlie Crown of Thorns
Elephant Ears Glocal Ivy Heart Ivy  Ivy Jerusalem Cherry Needlepoint Ivy
Pot Mum Ripple Ivy Spider Mum Sprangeri Fern Umbrella Plant  

Poisonous outdoor plants 
(from Carlson & Giffin.)
Produce vomiting and in some cases, diarrhea:

Bittersweet Woody Castor Bean Daffodil Delphinium Fox Glove Ground Cherry Indian Tobacco
 Indian Turnip Larkspur Poke Weed Soap Berry Skunk Cabbage Wisteria  

May produce vomiting, abdominal pain, and in some cases diarrhea:

Almond American Yew Angel's Trumpet Apricot Balsam Pear Bird of Paradise Black Locust *
Buttercup Cherry Dologeton Dutchman's Breeches English Holly English Yew Horse Chestnut Buckeye
Japanese Plum Jasmine Jimson Weed Loco Weed Lupine Matrimony Vine May Apple
Mescal Bean Mock Orange Moonseed Mushrooms Nightshade Peach Pig Weed
Poison Hemlock Privet Rain Tree Monkey Pod Rhubarb Spinach Sunburned Potatoes Tomato Vine
Water Hemlock Western Yew Wild Cherry        

* Varied toxic effect

Poisoning - Use of Ipecac
If you live a long way from your veterinarian, oral administration of syrup of ipecac at the rate of 0.5-1.0 milliliter per pound to induce vomiting would probably be your best bet. If no vomiting occurs, repeat in fifteen minutes. This is NOT a substitute for a trip to the vet! By inducing vomiting, you are simply reducing, not eliminating, the level of toxin available to be absorbed. The longer the poison stays in the dog, the poorer his chances of survival. If the dog has already started exhibiting signs of respiratory distress, i.e. hyperventilating, do not induce vomiting, as he might aspirate the vomitus.
National Animal Poison Control Center at 1-800-548-2423

Stretcher (How to Construct a Quick One)

INDEX

In an emergency try using a large zipper jacket and a pair of broom handles. Zip the jacket all the way and turn it zipper side down. Thread the broom handles through the inside and up the sleeves.

Temperature

INDEX

The normal temperature for a greyhound is between 101 to 102 degrees. If your hound's temperature reaches above 103 degrees, call your veterinarian at once. Persistent high temperature can be as dangerous for a dog as it is a child. Since dogs sweat through their tongue and the bottom of their feet, some suggest submerging the dog's feet in alcohol to bring down the fever. This is equivalent to using an alcohol rub to bring down a child's fever. Some suggest rubbing ice cubes on the feet and ears to bring down the temperature, but always consult with your veterinarian.

A greyhound's temperature is usually taken rectally. Try a digital read-out rectal thermometer, available at any drug store. Put a little Vaseline or KY Jelly on the tip, insert gently into the rectum (not too far), and hold for a minute or so. The digital model has a beeper that goes off when "done." The thermometer is easy to clean with soap & water or wipe with alcohol.

Thyroid Deficiency (Hypothyroidism)

INDEX

Hypothyroidism is the condition resulting from an inadequate (low) production of usable hormones by the thyroid gland.  Mild hypothyroidism is a common cause of skin and hair abnormalities.

The following is a list of symptoms that may be present.  Some dogs will show only one symptom, some will show numerous symptoms, and others will show no symptoms at all.

  • Hair condition changes- hair can get dry and brittle, falls out to the touch.
  • Hair loss - usually starting at the back of the ears, can also appear under the throat and down the thighs.
  • Mottled coat - hair thin over ribs, normal down backbone and shoulders, thin under the neck and belly.
  • Dry flaky cool skin - no matter how often you bathe or comb your dog it has scaly skin with large flakes all the time. The belly skin feels slippery and cool to the touch.
  • Skin infection - secondary staphylococcus infection, skin infection characterized by small pustules most often on head and torso. Sometimes called "puppy acne."
  • Gains weight - in comparison with littermates puppy is eating much less than the others - yet maintains good weight. Dog is eating much less than would be considered "normal" for his age and either maintains weight or becomes overweight.
  • Lethargy - you will either notice that your dog is sleeping more and more or that a dog is sleeping much more than would be expected for a dog his age.
  • Fatigues easily - will run and play hard for a short period of time and then is either asleep or resting when his littermates or other dogs are still playing.
  • Inconsistent Bowel Movements - dog can exhibit prolonged diarrhoea, or prolonged constipation, or irradically bouncing between constipated or diarrhetic; never achieving "normal."
  • Climatic sensitivity - dog exhibits discomfort from temperature extremes. Suffering on hot days, snuggling the heater on cold days.
  • Excessive skin pigmentation - spots on the groin or belly, spots can be light or dark.

http://www.vetcentric.comhttp://216.247.27.191/health/thyroid_disease.html
http://www.cvm.uiuc.edu/petcolumns/showarticle.cfm?id=195
http://www.petshealthrx.com

Vomiting

INDEX

(summarized from Carlson & Giffin)

Repeated vomiting:
Its last meal is first vomited, then a clear, frothy liquid. This suggests a stomach irritant. Grass, spoiled food, other indigestibles, and certain infectious illnesses (such as gastroenteritis) all cause irritation of the stomach lining.

Sporadic vomiting:
The dog vomits off and on, but not continuously. No relationship to meals, poor appetite. Haggard appearance and listlessness may indicate an internal organ disorder, a chronic illness, a heavy worm infestation, or diabetes. A thorough check-up is called for.

Vomiting blood:
Fresh blood indicates a break in the mucus lining somewhere between the mouth and the upper small bowel. Common causes are foreign bodies, tumours and ulcers. Material which looks like coffee grounds is old, partly digested blood -- the problem is somewhere in the stomach or duodenum. Vomiting blood is always serious and requires a trip to the vet.

Fecal vomiting:
If the vomit is foul and smells like faeces, there is an obstruction somewhere in the intestinal tract. Blunt or penetrating abdominal trauma is another cause. The dog will become rapidly dehydrated with this type of vomiting and requires vet attention.

Motion sickness:
Vomits in the car. Most dogs will outgrow this problem. Check with your vet if it does not

Projectile vomiting:
The vomit is forcefully expelled, sometimes for a distance of several feet. It is indicative of complete blockage in the upper gastrointestinal tract. Foreign bodies, hairballs, duodenal ulcers, tumours and strictures are possible causes. Intracranial pressure can also cause projectile vomiting, causes can be brain tumour, encephalitis, and blood clots. Take the dog to the vet.

Vomiting foreign objects:
Includes bone splinters, rubber balls, (pieces of) toys, sticks and stones and sometimes worms. You may want to have the vet check your pet for any other foreign objects, although not all of these will show up readily on x-ray scans.

Emotional or Stress vomiting:
Sometimes excited or upset dogs vomit. Remove the dog from the source of distress. If it is something it will encounter often, you will have to train the dog to remain calm around the source.

Warts

INDEX

Although uncommon, these can occur in greyhounds. A lump or growth on a pad could be two things: A scar from an injury or a papilloma, a fancy word for warts. Warts are caused by a virus that usually enters the skin from a minor cut or abrasion. Most warts grow on the surface of the skin. However when they grow on the pads, the normal pressure of walking pushes the growth deeper into the pad forming a white, flat circular painful area. Sometimes they are very hard to see.
Symptoms:

  • Limping with no apparent reason.
  • Difficulty walking or running on hard surfaces but has no problems on soft surfaces.
  • Thickening area of a white, circular, painful area on the pad.
  • Area pads are sensitive to finger pressure.

http://www.therapaw.net/docs/Newsletter1.pdf


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